Rousseau wrote the work in response to a competition announced by the Dijon Academy in 1749. The participants in the competition had to answer the question: “Has the development of science and art contributed to the improvement of morals?” A year later, the prize established by the Academy was awarded to Rousseau’s work: “Discourse on Science and Art,” in which he gave a negative answer to the question posed. The publication of the work brought Rousseau great fame and has not lost its cognitive value to this day.